How Gold Is Extracted from the Earth
Gold does not usually appear as large nuggets. Most of the time, it is locked inside rocks or mixed with soil and river sediments. To get pure gold, miners use several extraction methods depending on where the gold is found.
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Gold extraction is done through mining, crushing, chemical treatment, and refining.
Here are the main methods used around the world.
1. Placer Mining (Gold from Rivers and Streams)
This is the oldest way humans extracted gold.
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Gold is heavy, so it settles at the bottom of rivers and streams.
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Miners separate gold from sand and gravel using water movement.
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Methods include panning, sluicing, and dredging.
This method is mostly used for small gold particles and nuggets found in riverbeds.
2. Hard Rock Mining (Gold from Underground Rock)
Most of the world’s gold today comes from hard rock mining.
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Gold-containing rocks are drilled and blasted from the ground.
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The rocks are brought to the surface.
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They are crushed into very fine powder.
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The gold is separated from the crushed rock using chemical processes.
This method is used in large industrial mines.
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